The Effect of Unintentional AH-Plus Sealer Extrusion on Resolution of Apical Periodontitis After Root Canal Treatment and Retreatment-A Retrospective Case-control Study.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to investigate the effect of unintentional AH Plus sealer extrusion on the outcome of nonsurgical root canal treatment and retreatment in teeth with apical periodontitis (AP) compared to teeth with AP and no sealer extrusion at the 1-year follow-up. METHODS: In a retrospective case-control study conducted from September 2016 to September 2021, teeth presenting clinical and radiographic signs of AP prior to treatment were included. The study comprised 2 groups: AH Plus sealer extrusion group (n = 60): initial root canal treatment or nonsurgical retreatment with unintentional apical extrusion of AH Plus sealer; and no AH Plus sealer extrusion group (n = 60): underwent the same treatment types without sealer extrusion. Additional factors, including sex, age, tooth type, tooth location, and treatment type, were recorded as potential outcome predictors. At 1-year follow-up, teeth were evaluated clinically and radiographically, and outcomes were classified as favorable (healed/healing) or unfavorable (uncertain/non-healing). Statistical analyses, such as the χ2 test, logistic regression, and Mann-Whitney U test, were employed for data analysis. RESULTS: A favorable outcome was observed in 88.4% and 85% of the cases of the AH Plus sealer extrusion and no AH Plus sealer extrusion groups, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of outcomes (P > .05) when analyzed categorically or ordinally. Of independent variables, nonsurgical retreatment showed lower healing of AP in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Unintentional AH Plus sealer extrusion did not affect the healing of AP. However, initial root canal treatment showed better healing of AP than nonsurgical retreatment in the presence of AH Plus sealer extrusion. The analyzed outcome predictors had no effect on treatment outcome.

Remodelling compartment in root cementum.

BACKGROUND: Bone remodelling represents the most remarkable bone response to mechanical stress and mineral homeostasis. It is the consequence of complex highly orchestrated and tightly regulated cellular processes taking place in a specialised entity - the bone remodelling compartment (BRC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cementum is an understudied tissue that requires more research to understand its biology, pathology, and potential for regeneration. Although analogue to bone in structure and composition distinct structural and functional differences were ascribed to each of these mineralised tissues. The precise role of cementocytes in cementum turnover is unclear but they may work the same way as osteocytes in bone remodelling, regulating the full process. RESULTS: Although cementum is not liable to regular physiological remodelling as bone is, pathological cases triggered by orthodontic forces or large periapical periodontitis, those lesions can acutely induce cementum remodelling. Nevertheless, the cellular mechanisms behind this particular remodelling process are yet to be identified, as its eventual involvement of specialised anatomic structures as the BRC. CONCLUSIONS: Hypothesizing that similar cellular mechanisms underlie bone and cementum remodelling, the present work shows, for the first time, the histological evidence of a specialized remodelling compartment in dental hard tissues.

Predicting Rice Stem Stink Bug Population Dynamics Based on GAMLSS Models.

The rice stem stink bug, Tibraca limbativentris Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is one of the most harmful insects for Brazilian rice fields. Aiming to define the most appropriate time and place for pest management measures in commercial paddy fields, we adjusted regression models (Poisson, Zero Inflated Poisson, reparametrized Zero Inflated Poisson, Negative Binomial and Zero Inflated Negative Binomial) for modeling the population variation of T. limbativentris along the phenological cycle of the flooded rice cultivation. We hypothesize that the rice stem stink bug population's size is influenced by the rice cycle (time) and geographical positions within the crop. It was possible to predict the occurrence of the rice stem stink bug in the commercial flooded rice crop. The population of the rice stem stink bug increased significantly with the time or phenological evolution of rice. Our results indicated that the start of T. limbativentris monitoring should occur up to 45 d After Plant Emergence (DAE), from the regions along the edges of the rice paddies, which are the points of entry and higher concentration of the insect. In addition, 45 and 60 DAE were considered the crucial times for T. limbativentris control decision making in flooded rice paddies.

Anaphylaxis in an emergency department: a retrospective 10-year study in a tertiary hospital.

Summary: Background. Anaphylaxis is a potentially fatal medical emergency. The frequency of hospital admissions for anaphylaxis seems to be increasing in the recent decades. Objective. Characterize the patients admitted for anaphylaxis to the adult emergency department (ED) of a tertiary care hospital over a 10-year period, discriminating aetiologies, clinical features and therapy administered. Methods. Retrospective, descriptive and inferential study, evaluating age, sex, Manchester triage system, suspected allergen, site of allergen exposure, comorbidities, cofactors, clinical findings and symptoms, treatment and management. Patients admitted between January 2007 and December 2016 were included. Results. Forty-three patients were enrolled: 23 males, mean age 54.3 ± 16.2 years, n = 22 had history of allergic disease. Two patients were triaged as non-urgent. The most frequently suspected causes of anaphylaxis were: drugs (33%, n = 14), Hymenoptera venoms (23%, n = 10), foods (21%, n = 9) and iodinated contrast products (12%, n = 5). Adrenaline was used in 88% of the episodes (n = 38), 55% of which (n = 21) intramuscularly. Mortality was registered in one case. At discharge, adrenaline auto-injector was prescribed in 7% (n = 3) of the patients, and Allergy and Clinical Immunology consultation (ACIC) was requested in 65% of the episodes (n = 28). Statistically significant associations (p minor 0.05) were established: a, anaphylaxis to drugs associated with a low intramuscular adrenaline use and with frequent oxygen therapy; b, anaphylaxis to food associated with intramuscular adrenaline administration; c, anaphylaxis to Hymenoptera venom associated with male sex; and d, anaphylaxis to iodinated contrasts associated with referral to ACIC and with shock. All obese patients developed shock. Conclusions. Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening condition that requires early recognition. Although most patients received adrenaline, administration was not always performed by the recommended route and only a few patients were prescribed adrenaline auto-injector.

Toxicity of Pesticide Tank Mixtures from Rice Crops Against Telenomus podisi Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae).

The use of insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides commonly occurs in mixtures in tanks in order to control phytosanitary problems in crops. However, there is no information regarding the effects of these mixtures on non-target organisms associated to the rice agroecosystem. The aim of this study was to know the toxicity of pesticide tank mixtures from rice crops against Telenomus podisi Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae). Based on the methods adapted from the International Organisation for Biological and Integrated Control of Noxious Animals and Plants (IOBC), adults of T. podisi were exposed to residues of insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides, individually or in mixture commonly used by growers, in laboratory and on rice plants in a greenhouse. The mixture between fungicides tebuconazole, triclyclazole, and azoxystrobin and the mixture between herbicides cyhalofop-butyl, imazethapyr, imazapyr/imazapic, and penoxsulam are harmless to T. podisi and can be used in irrigated rice crops without harming the natural biological control. The insecticides cypermethin, thiamethoxam, and bifenthrin/carbosulfan increase the toxicity of the mixtures in tank with herbicides and fungicides, being more toxic to T. podisi and less preferred for use in phytosanitary treatments in the rice crop protection.

The hydrophobicity and roughness of a nasoenteral tube surface influences the adhesion of a multi-drug resistant strain of Staphylococcus Aureus

In this study, we examined the physiochemical properties of nasoenteral feeding tubes made from two different types of polymer: silicone materials and polyurethane. The internal surfaces of the nasoenteral feeding tubes were analyzed for their hydrophobicity, roughness, microtopography, rupture-tension and ability to stretch. We also studied the adhesion of an isolated, multi-drug resistant strain of S. aureus to these polymers. The polyurethane nasoenteral tube, which was classified as hydrophilic, was more resistant to rupture-tension and stretching tests than the silicone tube, which was classified as hydrophobic. Additionally, the polyurethane tube had a rougher surface than the silicone tube. Approximately 1.0 log CFU.cm-2 of S. aureus cells adhered to the tubes and this number was not statistically different between the two types of surfaces (p > 0.05). In future studies, new polymers for nasoenteral feeding tubes should be tested for their ability to support bacterial growth. Bacterial adhesion to these polymers can easily be reduced through modification of the polymer's physicochemical surface characteristics.

The hydrophobicity and roughness of a nasoenteral tube surface influences the adhesion of a multi-drug resistant strain of Staphylococcus Aureus.

IN THIS STUDY, WE EXAMINED THE PHYSIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF NASOENTERAL FEEDING TUBES MADE FROM TWO DIFFERENT TYPES OF POLYMER: silicone materials and polyurethane. The internal surfaces of the nasoenteral feeding tubes were analyzed for their hydrophobicity, roughness, microtopography, rupture-tension and ability to stretch. We also studied the adhesion of an isolated, multi-drug resistant strain of S. aureus to these polymers. The polyurethane nasoenteral tube, which was classified as hydrophilic, was more resistant to rupture-tension and stretching tests than the silicone tube, which was classified as hydrophobic. Additionally, the polyurethane tube had a rougher surface than the silicone tube. Approximately 1.0 log CFU.cm(-2) of S. aureus cells adhered to the tubes and this number was not statistically different between the two types of surfaces (p > 0.05). In future studies, new polymers for nasoenteral feeding tubes should be tested for their ability to support bacterial growth. Bacterial adhesion to these polymers can easily be reduced through modification of the polymer's physicochemical surface characteristics.

Seletividade de inseticidas usados na cultura do milho para adultos de Doru lineare (Eschscholtz, 1822) (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) / Selectivity of insecticides used in the corn crop to adults of Doru lineare (Eschscholtz, 1822) (Dermaptera: Forficulidae)

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a seletividade dos inseticidas utilizados na cultura do milho sobre Doru lineare. Foi avaliada a seletividade de inseticidas utilizados na cultura do milho para D. lineare, seguindo metodologia proposta pela IOBC/WPRS em condições de laboratório. Adultos foram expostos aos resíduos dos inseticidas por meio de contato com placas de vidros e pelo consumo de ovos de Spodoptera frugiperda contaminados com os inseticidas. A porcentagem de mortalidade dos insetos em contato residual foi utilizada para classificar os inseticidas como inócuo (< 30%), levemente nocivo (30-79%), moderadamente nocivo (80-99%) e nocivo (> 99%). A mortalidade de adultos após consumo de ovos contaminados foi comparada com a testemunha. Para adultos deD. lineare mediante contato residual, nas 360 HAIE (horas após o início da exposição), os inseticidas Decis 25 EC, Dimilin, Engeo Pleno, Karate Zeon 250 CS, Lorsban 480 BR, Match EC, Neem Azal e Sevin 480 SC foram nocivos ao predador. Certero, Fastac 100 SC e Tracer foram moderadamente nocivos. Intrepid 240 SC e Mimic 240 SC foram inócuos. A mortalidade de adultos após o consumo de ovos contaminados foi significativa para os inseticidas Certero, Dimilin, Tracer, Engeo Pleno, Lorsban 480 BR, Sevin 480 SC.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the selectivity of insecticides used in the corn crop to Doru lineare (Eschscholtz, 1822) (Dermaptera: Forficulidae), following methodology suggested by IOBC/WPRS, under laboratory conditions. Adult insects were placed on glass plates or fed on Spodoptera frugiperda eggs, both containing previously sprayed insecticide residues. The adult mortality by the residual contact was used to classify insecticides as harmless (< 30%), slightly harmful (30-79%), moderately harmful (80-99%) and harmful (> 99%). The adult mortality due to consumption of the contaminated eggs was compared to the control. For adults ofD. linearein residual contact after 360 HASE (hours after start of exposure) the insecticides Decis 25 EC, Dimilin, Engeo Pleno, Karate Zeon 250 CS, Lorsban 480 BR, Match EC, Neem Azal and Sevin 480 SC were harmful. Certero, Fastac 100 SC and Tracer were moderately harmful. Intrepid 240 SC and Mimic 240 SC were slightly harmful. The mortality of adults after consumption of contaminated eggs was noteworthy for the insecticides Certero, Dimilin, Tracer, Engeo Pleno, Lorsban 480 BR and Sevin 480 SC.

Seletividade de inseticidas usados na cultura do milho para ovos e ninfas do predador Doru lineare (Eschscholtz, 1822) (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) / Selectivity of insecticides used in corn crops to eggs and nymphs of the earwing Doru lineare (Eschscholtz, 1822) (Dermaptera: Forficulidae)

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a seletividade de inseticidas usados na cultura do milho para o controle de Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) sobre ninfas de primeiro ínstar e ovos do predador Doru lineare (Scudder, 1876) (Dermaptera: Forficulidae). Para os bioensaios foi utilizada a metodologia padronizada da IOBC/WPRS, em condições de laboratório, com temperatura de 25 ± 1º C, umidade relativa de 70 ± 10% e fotofase de 14 horas. No bioensaio com ninfas para contato residual, a aplicação dos inseticidas foi realizada com um equipamento pressurizado a CO2, pressão de 50 psi. Para aplicação dos inseticidas sobre os ovos foi utilizada torre de Potter, com pressão de 10 psi. Em ambas as formas de aplicação o depósito foi de 1,75 ± 0,25 mg de calda cm-2 conforme metodologia da IOBC/WPRS. A mortalidade de ninfas foi utilizada para classificar os inseticidas como inócuo (< 30%), levemente nocivo (30-79%), moderadamente nocivo (80-99%) e nocivo (> 99%). Os dados de viabilidade de ovos e sobrevivência de ninfas que eclodiram deles foram comparados com os dados das testemunhas positiva (Sevin 480 SC) e negativa (água). Certero, Dimilin, Engeo Pleno, Karate Zeon 250 SC, Lorsban 480 BR, Match EC e Sevin 480 SC reduziram a viabilidade de ovos. A sobrevivência de ninfas provenientes dos ovos tratados teve redução para os inseticidas: Decis 25 EC, Dimilin, Engeo Pleno, Karate Zeon 250 CS, Lorsban 480 BR e Sevin 480 SC. Para ninfas de D. lineare em contato residual, todos os inseticidas foram nocivos em 96 horas após a exposição.

The goal of this work was to evaluate the selectivity of insecticides used in corn crops for the control of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on first-instar nymphs and eggs of the earwig Doru lineare. For the bioassays the standardized methodology of IOBC/WPRS was used in terms of temperature (25 ± 1º C), relative humidity (70 ± 15%) and photophase (14 hours). In the bioassay with nymphs for residual contact, the applications of insecticides was conducted with equipment pressurized by CO2 to 50 psi. For applications of insecticides on eggs, a Potter's tower was used, with pressure of 10 psi. In both forms of spraying the deposit was 1.75±0.25 mg cm-2 of aqueous solution in accordance with the IOBC/WPRS methodology. The mortality of nymphs was used to classify insecticides as harmless (< 30%), slightly harmful (30-79%), moderately harmful (80-99%) and harmful (> 99%). Viability of eggs and survival of hatched nymphs were both evaluated by comparing with the positive (Sevin 480 SC) and negative (water) controls. The viability of eggs was reduced by Certero, Dimilin, Engeo Pleno, Karate Zeon 250 SC, Lorsban 480 BR, Match EC and Sevin 480 SC. The survival of nymphs from treated eggs was reduced by the insecticides Decis EC, Dimilin, Engeo Pleno, Karate Zeon 250 CS, Lorsban 480 BR and Sevin 480 SC. For nymphs of D. lineare in residual contact, all the insecticides were harmful.

Cryopreservation of Bos taurus vs Bos indicus embryos: are they really different?

Cryopreservation with storage at very low temperatures is essential to make full use of this technology for both biological and commercial reasons. However, most mammalian cells will die if exposed to these temperatures unless they are exposed to cryoprotectant solutions and cooled and warmed at specific rates. Lowering temperature below 0 degree C introduces the risk of intracellular ice formation, which likely increases rapidly as the temperature falls. Evidence indicates that ice formation during cooling can cause significantly more damage than ice formation during warming. Comparisons of the toxicity of various cryoprotectants indicated that ethylene glycol (EG) is a nontoxic compound for murine and bovine embryos. The 3.6 M EG solution resulted in similar high survival rates when compared with nonfrozen embryos; deleterious effects of high concentrations of EG became apparent at 7.2 M. The use of EG provides a nontoxic method for the rapid and simplified controlled freezing of in vivo bovine compact morulae-early blastocyst, avoiding the risk of injury caused by high concentrations of cryoprotectants usually required for vitrification. However, in vivo embryos used for freezing and thawing require further studies to understand the ultrastructural changes during the freezing procedure with EG as the single cryoprotectant, especially between Holstein and Nelore cows. This paper describes the ultrastructure of bovine compact morulae-early blastocysts derived by in vivo methods from Holstein and Nelore cows to investigate the fresh morphology as well as that after exposure to cryoprotectant and cryopreservation by conventional slow freezing, quick freezing (nitrogen vapor), and vitrification.

[Double origin of anterior descending artery--from the left and right coronary arteries--associated with anomalous origin of the circumflex artery]. / Dupla origem do ramo descendente anterior--das coronárias esquerda e direita--associada a origem anômala à direita do ramo circunflexo.

A 65 year-old white man, with typical angina pectoris, underwent coronary angiography that showed dual left anterior descending artery (LAD), originating from the right coronary artery (RCA), associated with anomalous origin of the left circumflex artery (LCX) also from the RCA. This an extremely rare coronary artery anomaly and, it is the first case reported, so far. This rareness and clinical significance are emphasized.

Lipase catalyzed esterification of glycidol in nonaqueous solvents: solvent effects on enzymatic activity.

We studied the effect of organic solvents on the kinetics of porcine pancreatic lipase (pp) for the resolution of racemic glycidol through esterification with butyric acid. We quantified ppl hydration by measuring water sorption isotherms for the enzyme in the solvents/mixtures tested. The determination of initial rates as a function of enzyme hydration revealed that the enzyme exhibits maximum apparent activity in the solvents/mixtures at the same water content (9% to 11% w/w) within the associated experimental error. The maximum initial rates are different in all the media and correlate well with the logarithm of the molar solubility of water in the media, higher initial rates being observed in the solvents/mixtures with lower water solubilities. The data for the mixtures indicate that ppl apparent activity responds to bulk property of the solvent. Measurements of enzyme particle sizes in five of the solvents, as function of enzyme hydration, revealed that mean particle sizes increased with enzyme hydration in all the solvents, differences between solvents being more pronounced at enzyme hydration levels close to 10%. At this hydration level, solvents having a higher water content lead to lower reaction rates; these are the solvents where the mean enzyme particle sizes are greater. Calculation of the observable modulus indicates there are no internal diffusion limitations. The observed correlation between changes in initial rates and changes in external surface area of the enzyme particles suggests that interfacial activation of ppl is only effective at the external surface of the particles. Data obtained for the mixtures indicate that ppl enantioselectivity depends on specific solvent-enzyme interactions. We make reference to ppl hydration and activity in supercritical carbon dioxide.

Lipase catalyzed esterification of glycidol in organic solvents.

We studied the resolution of racemic glycidol through esterification with butyric acid catalyzed by porcine pancreatic lipase in organic media. A screening of seven solvents (log P values between 0.49 and 3.0, P being the n-octanol-water partition coefficient of the solvent) showed that neither log P nor the logarithm of the molar solubility of water in the solvent provides good correlations between enantioselectivity and the properties of the organic media. Chloroform was one of the best solvents as regards the enantiomeric purity (e. p.) of the ester produced. In this solvent, the optimum temperature for the reaction was determined to be 35 degrees C. The enzyme exhibited maximum activity at a water content of 13 +/- 2% (w/w). The enantiomeric purity obtained was 83 +/- 2% of (S)-glycidyl butyrate and did not depend on the alcohol concentration or the enzyme water content for values of these parameters up to 200 mM and 25% (w/w), respectively. The reaction was found to follow a BiBi mechanism.

[Ostial occlusion of the left coronary artery in a female patient with chronic stable angina. The coronary cineangiographic aspect]. / Oclusão do ostio da coronária esquerda em paciente portadora de angina estável crônica. Aspecto cinecoronariográfico.

The left main coronary artery occlusion is the most dangerous presentation of arteriosclerotic coronary artery disease, often resulting in hemodynamics and electrical instability that ultimately lead to death (fatal acute episodes and/or sudden death). A 47-years-old female with multiple risk factors went on a cardiologic check-up, including coronary angiograms, as a preoperative evaluation of a routine abdominal surgical procedure. The angiograms provided definite information about the coronary vessels including total occlusion of the ostium of the left main coronary artery (LCA) and collateral circulation from the right coronary artery (RCA). The RCA was dominant and normal. The left ventriculogram showed hypertrophy but the left ventricular function was normal. These clinical and angiographic findings were analyzed at a surgical-clinical session and a coronary artery bypass graft operation (myocardial revascularization) was done.